Coefficient of Variation (CV)

 The **Coefficient of Variation (CV)** is a statistical measure that expresses the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of a dataset, usually presented as a percentage. It is calculated using the formula:  

**CV = (Standard Deviation / Mean) × 100**

### Key Features:

1. **Standardized Measure**: CV enables comparison of variability across datasets with different units or scales.  

2. **Dimensionless**: Since it is a relative measure, it is useful in assessing the consistency of data regardless of the mean’s magnitude.

### Applications:

- **Finance**: Evaluating risk (volatility) relative to returns.  

- **Quality Control**: Measuring product consistency.  

- **Science**: Comparing variability in experiments with different units.  

A low CV indicates high stability, while a high CV suggests greater variability relative to the mean. It is particularly valuable when comparing data with different scales or units. However, CV is less meaningful for datasets where the mean approaches zero, as it becomes highly sensitive to small changes.